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Average Annual Precipitation, New York State, 1961-1990

Identification Information
Citation
Originator
Chris Daly, Spatial Climate Analysis Service
Originator
George Taylor, the Oregon Climate Service at Oregon State University
Publication Date
200009
Title
Average Annual Precipitation, New York State, 1961-1990
Geospatial Data Presentation Form
vector digital data
Publication Information
Publication Place
Corvallis, OR, USA
Publisher
Spatial Climate Analysis Service, Oregon State University; USDA - NRCS National Water and Climate Center, Portland, Oregon; USDA - NRCS National Cartography and Geospatial Center, Fort Worth, Texas
Online Linkage
https://cugir.library.cornell.edu/catalog/cugir-007318
Abstract
This data set shows polygons of average annual precipitation in New York State, for the climatological period 1961-1990. Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) derived raster data is the underlying data set from which the polygons and vectors were created. PRISM is an analytical model that uses point data and a digital elevation model (DEM) to generate gridded estimates of annual, monthly and event-based climatic parameters.
Purpose
These data are intended for geographic display and analysis at the national level, and for large regional areas. The data should be displayed and analyzed at scales appropriate for 1:2,000,000-scale data. No responsibility is assumed by the Spatial Climate Analysis Service, the USDA - NRCS National Water and Climate Center, the USDA - NRCS National Cartography and Geospatial Center, or the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data.
Supplemental Information
There are many methods of interpolating precipitation from monitoring stations to grid points. Some provide estimates of acceptable accuracy in flat terrain, but few have been able to adequately explain the extreme, complex variations in precipitation that occur in mountainous regions. Significant progress in this area has been achieved through the development of PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model). PRISM is an analytical model that uses point data and a digital elevation model (DEM) to generate gridded estimates of monthly and annual precipitation (as well as other climatic parameters). PRISM is well suited to regions with mountainous terrain, because it incorporates a conceptual framework that addresses the spatial scale and pattern of precipitation in such regions. Detailed descriptions of the PRISM raster data can be found on the Oregon State University PRISM web page at http://www.ocs.orst.edu/prism. Additional information is available through the Natural Resources Conservation Service web pages at the National Water and Climate Center at http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/water/climate/prism/prism.html or through the National Cartography and Geospatial Center at http://www.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/prism/prismdata.html. Other source PRISM data sets are also available in Arc/INFO coverage and Arc/INFO ASCII GRID formats from the Spatial Climate Analysis Service. See http://www.ocs.orst.edu/prism/prism_products.html for more information. The source PRISM data is packaged on 3 CD-ROM's covering the Lower 48 United States and is available from NRCS for $50 per CD-ROM. The 48 States are broken into three regions: East, Central and West. Each CD contains the annual and monthly precipitation coverages, as well as the gridded data. The CD-ROM's may be ordered through http://www.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/prism/prismdata.html.
Temporal Extent
Currentness Reference
ground condition
Time Period
Beginning
1961
End
1990
Bounding Box
West
-79.763235
East
-71.870161
North
45.006138
South
40.506003
Theme Keyword
Precipitation
Climate
Theme Keyword Thesaurus
None
Theme Keyword
Rain and rainfall
Theme Keyword Thesaurus
LCSH
ISO Topic Category
climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
environment
Theme Keyword
climate
environment
Theme Keyword Thesaurus
CUGIR Category
Place Keyword
New York (State)
Place Keyword Thesaurus
LCSH
Temporal Keyword
Access Restrictions
None.
Use Restrictions
None. Acknowledgement of the PRISM model, the Spatial Climate Analysis Service at Oregon State University, the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Water and Climate Center, the NRCS National Cartography and Geospatial Center (NCGC), and (or) the National Atlas of the United States would be appreciated in products derived from these data.
Status
Complete
Maintenance and Update Frequency
No updates are planned for the 1961-1990 climatological period. However, a similar data set will probably be produced in 2001 for the 1971-2000 climatological period.
Point of Contact
Contact Organization
Spatial Climate Analysis Service
Delivery Point
316 Strand Agricultural Hall, Oregon State University
City
Corvallis
State
Oregon
Postal Code
97331-2202
Contact Telephone
541-737-5705
Contact Facsimile Telephone
541-737-5710
Contact Electronic Mail Address
oregon@oce.orst.edu
Native Data Set Environment
Windows NT Version 4.0 (Build 1381) Service Pack 4; ESRI Arc/INFO 8.0.345
Data Quality Information
Attribute Accuracy Report
Point estimates of precipitation from the U.S. National 1961-1990 Climate Normals were subjected to manual quality control checks by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). PRISM precipitation estimates were reviewed by the PRISM Evaluation Group, a panel of climatologists, meteorologists, and hydrologists. The task of this group was to assess the assumptions made by the model and compare model output with the best available precipitation maps from several western States. The group found that the PRISM maps equaled or exceeded the accuracy of the best maps available.
Logical Consistency Report
Precipitation data were derived from two main sources, NCDC Climate Normals and NRCS Cooperative Snow Survey Data (SNOTEL). In general, NCDC stations are located at low elevations and in valley bottoms, and encompass the entire United States. SNOTEL stations are located primarily at high elevations in the western United States. Polygon and chain-node topology are present. Checks were made to ensure that no two adjacent polygons are labeled with the same precipitation value. A manual spot check was made of peaks, depressions, and islands.
Completeness Report
This data set includes observations and interpolated values for the 48 contiguous United States and the District of Columbia, for the climatological period 1961-1990. This data set is a compilation of the best available data from the various data sources.
Lineage
Source
Originator
Spatial Climate Analysis Service, Oregon State University
Publication Date
1998
Title
Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM)
Publication Information
Publication Place
Corvallis, OR, USA
Publisher
Spatial Climate Analysis Service
Type of Source Media
proprietary software
Source Temporal Extent
Time Period Information
Range of Dates/Times
Beginning Date
1994
Ending Date
1998
Source Currentness Reference
publication date
Contribution
PRISM was used to create gridded estimates of precipitation from point observations and digital elevation model data. For a more detailed description of the PRISM process, see http://www.ocs.orst.edu/prism/gen_toc.html.
Source
Originator
Spatial Climate Analysis Service, Oregon State University
Publication Date
1998
Title
Gaussian Filter
Publication Information
Publication Place
Corvallis, OR, USA
Publisher
Spatial Climate Analysis Service
Type of Source Media
proprietary software
Source Temporal Extent
Time Period Information
Range of Dates/Times
Beginning Date
1994
Ending Date
1998
Source Currentness Reference
publication date
Contribution
The Gaussian filter was used to change the resolution of raster data from 4 km to 2 km. The Gaussian filter was implemented as custom software written in FORTRAN. For information about Gaussian filters see: Barnes, Stanley L., 1964; A Technique for Maximizing Details in Numerical Weather Map Analysis. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 3, 396- 409.
Source
Originator
National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)
Publication Date
1991
Title
U.S. National 1961-1990 Climate Normals, Climatography of the United States No. 81 - Monthly Normals
Publication Information
Publication Place
Asheville, NC, USA
Publisher
National Climatic Data Center
Other Citation Details
For more information on this source, please see http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/research/normals/us/normals_clim81.html.
Type of Source Media
online database
Source Temporal Extent
Time Period Information
Range of Dates/Times
Beginning Date
19610101
Ending Date
19901231
Source Currentness Reference
ground condition
Contribution
Location and values of known average annual precipitation.
Source
Originator
Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)
Publication Date
1991
Title
Cooperative Snow Survey Data of Federal-State-Private Cooperative Snow Surveys (SNOTEL)
Series Information
Series Name
Cooperative Snow Survey Data of Federal-State-Private Cooperative Snow Surveys
Issue Identification
Annual issue for Western US states
Publication Information
Publication Place
Portland, OR, USA
Publisher
Natural Resources Conservation Service
Other Citation Details
For more information on this source, please see http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/water/w_data.html.
Type of Source Media
database, paper, and online
Source Temporal Extent
Time Period Information
Range of Dates/Times
Beginning Date
19610101
Ending Date
19901231
Source Currentness Reference
ground condition
Contribution
Location and values of known average monthly and annual precipitation.
Source
Originator
Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Water and Climate Center
Publication Date
Unpublished material
Title
Local precipitation monitoring networks
Type of Source Media
digital files
Source Temporal Extent
Time Period Information
Range of Dates/Times
Beginning Date
19610101
Ending Date
19901231
Source Currentness Reference
ground condition
Contribution
Location and values of known average annual precipitation.
Source
Originator
Defense Mapping Agency
Publication Date
1985
Title
1:250,000-scale Digital Elevation Models (DEM)
Publication Information
Publication Place
Washington, DC
Publisher
U.S. Geological Survey
Online Linkage
http://edc.usgs.gov/geodata/
Type of Source Media
digital files
Source Temporal Extent
Time Period Information
Single Date/Time
Calendar Date
1985
Source Currentness Reference
publication date
Contribution
Terrain surface input to the PRISM model for estimation of precipitation between known points.
Source
Originator
U.S. Geological Survey
Publication Date
1999
Title
State Boundaries of the United States
Publication Information
Publication Place
Reston, VA
Publisher
U.S. Geological Survey
Online Linkage
http://nationalatlas.gov/atlasftp.html
Type of Source Media
online
Source Temporal Extent
Time Period Information
Single Date/Time
Calendar Date
1999
Source Currentness Reference
publication date
Contribution
This file was used to determine the boundary of the data included.
Spatial Data Organization Information
Direct Spatial Reference Method
Vector
Point and Vector Object Information
SDTS Terms Description
SDTS Point and Vector Object Type
G-polygon
Point and Vector Object Count
133
Spatial Reference Information
Horizontal Coordinate System Definition
Geographic
Latitude Resolution
0.02083333
Longitude Resolution
0.02083333
Geographic Coordinate Units
Decimal degrees
Geodetic Model
Horizontal Datum Name
North American Datum of 1983
Ellipsoid Name
GRS1980
Semi-major Axis
6378137.0
Denominator of Flattening Ratio
298.257222
Entity and Attribute Information
Entity Type
Entity Type Label
Area of equal average annual precipitation (described by prismp020.dbf)
Entity Type Definition
Each polygon represents an area with a constant value for the average annual precipitation, as determined by the PRISM model.
Entity Type Definition Source
Spatial Climate Analysis Service PRISM Project
Attributes
Shape
The representation of the entity in the data.
Polygon
A 2-dimensional element.
Definition Source
U.S. Geological Survey
Area
The size of the shape in coverage units. (0.00000 to 115.09402)
Definition Source
Natural Resources Conservation Service
Perimeter
The perimeter of the shape in coverage units. (0.00647 to 874.33448)
Definition Source
Natural Resources Conservation Service
Prism0p020
Internal feature number. (2 to 6244)
Definition Source
Natural Resources Conservation Service
Range
The average annual precipitation. (0.000 to 200.000 inches)
Definition Source
Spatial Climate Analysis Service
Distribution Information
Format Name
Shapefile
Format Name
metadata
Format Name
HTML metadata
Format Name
KML
Format Name
GeoJSON
Format Name
OGC:WMS
Distributor
Albert R. Mann Library
Online Access
https://cugir-data.s3.amazonaws.com/00/73/18/cugir-007318.zip
Online Access
https://cugir-data.s3.amazonaws.com/00/73/18/fgdc.xml
Online Access
https://cugir-data.s3.amazonaws.com/00/73/18/fgdc.html
Online Access
https://cugir.library.cornell.edu/geoserver/cugir/wfs?version=1.0.0request=GetFeaturetypeName=cugir007318outputFormat=application%2Fvnd.google-earth.kml%2Bxml
Online Access
https://cugir.library.cornell.edu/geoserver/cugir/wfs?version=1.0.0request=GetFeaturetypeName=cugir007318outputFormat=application%2Fjson
Online Access
https://cugir.library.cornell.edu/geoserver/cugir/wms?version=1.1.0request=GetMaplayers=cugir007318bbox=-80.00002721999999,40.37099895,-71.63336878,45.14114205width=256height=145srs=EPSG:4326format=image/png
Name
Metadata Reference Information
Metadata Date
20190524
Metadata Contact
Contact Information
Contact Organization Primary
Contact Organization
Albert R. Mann Library
Contact Address
Address
Albert R. Mann Library
City
Ithaca
State or Province
New York
Postal Code
14853
Country
USA
Contact Voice Telephone
607-255-5406
Contact Electronic Mail Address
mann-ref@cornell.edu
Metadata Standard Name
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata Standard Version
FGDC-STD-001-1998
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